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What processes are included in seabed deformation? We review three naturally occurring seabed deformation processes
What measurements can we make? We outline techniques, including GNSS-A, acoustic baseline ranging and AZA BPR, which enable centimetric measurements
Our instruments. We discuss the suite of instruments we use to monitor seabed deformation in depths as deep as 7,000 metres
In this white paper we discuss the techniques used to measure seabed deformation, the capabilities of our instruments for this, including considerations for their deployment. We also include several real-world applications showing the use of our technology.
Techniques for measuring surface deformation on land are relatively mature, but how do you do this on the seabed? Satellite and laser-based systems don't work underwater, so other measurement techniques are required.
- GNSS-A to evaluate earthquake and tsunami risk in the Cascadia Subduction Zone
- Baseline ranging to measure submerged landslip on flank of Mount Etna
- AMT measurement of oceanic turbidity currents in Monterey Canyon